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Timeline

The Taliban kill three suspected US spies in NWFP.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: A shell launched by an unknown group kills four in Bajaur Agency, NWFP. Three of those killed were children.

Military developments: Pakistan moves nearly 20,000 troops stationed in FATA to the Indian border amid fears of an Indian retaliation for the Mumbai attacks.

Four Taliban militants are killed in security operations in Bajaur Agency, FATA.

Human rights: Taliban militants in the Swat Valley have instituted a complete ban on the education of girls in the areas that they control. The Swat Taliban threatened to blow up any school violating the ban on female education.

Three US spy planes fired into South Waziristan, FATA, killing seven suspected militants.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: A US missile strike kills two in North Waziristan, FATA.

Insurgency/Non-sate armed groups: Another 11 NATO trucks are torched by the Taliban on the outskirts of Peshawar. Taliban spokesman, Maulvi Omar, claims that the recent spate of attacks on NATO vehicles is in retaliation for US drone attacks across Pakistan’s border.

Taliban militants torch twelve NATO containers on the outskirts of Peshawar.

A landmine kills five civilians in Swat, NWFP.

Security operations: Security forces kill four Taliban militants during an operation in Bajaur Agency, NWFP.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: A suicide bomber kills five, including one child in Buner district, NWFP.

Political developments: The vice president of the Awami National Party (ANP), the ruling party in NWFP, concedes that the NWFP government has ‘lost control’ of the Swat valley.

A US drone launches a missile attack in North Waziristan, FATA, killing three suspected militants.

Peacekeeping/Peacebuilding: The Swat Taliban announce a ceasefire until after Baqri Eid, to show respect for the important Muslim holiday.

The Taliban ambush security forces in the Swat valley, NWFP. Four security force personnel were killed in the attack.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents:A militant attack on a check point in Bannu, NWFP leaves three security personnel dead and 14 injured. In retaliation, police and security forces launch an attack against militants in Bakakhel, Bannu, NWFP during which three militants and five security personnel are killed. Fifteen others are wounded.

International courts/Special courts/Trials: A Haleemzo Tribe jirga decide to hand over 30 members of the tribe wanted for insurgent activity to local government.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: The Lashkar-e-Islam militant group resumes patrolling in several areas of the Khyber Agency, FATA.

Taliban leader Hakimullah Mehsud gives his first press conference, saying that the Taliban factions have resolved their differences and that, contrary to the claims of MQM leader Altaf Hussein, there are no Taliban in Karachi. He also claims that the Taliban have apprehended and beheaded 12 men believed to be American spies.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: ISAF forces attack Taliban inside Pakistan by firing four artillery rounds at insurgent groups attacking them from Pakistan.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: Three rockets are fired from Orakzai Agency on Kohat city.

A suicide car bomber kills seven in Bannu, NWFP. The attacker rammed his bomb laden car into a patrolling police vehicle, killing four police officers and three civilians.

Local Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) of Buner district in NWFP is shot dead while visiting family in Mingora, NWFP. The DSP hailed from the militant ridden Arkot area of Matta, NWFP.

Over 100 militants associated with Lashkar-e-Islam storm the Chief of the Adezai Union Council near Peshawar, NWFP. The militants attack the house with mortar shells, rockets and bombs, but are eventually fended off by villagers and the police. Three militants and two villagers are killed in the attacks.

Militants open fire on a passenger coach heading from Peshawar to Kohat, NWFP injuring three people.

Taliban spokesperson Maulvi Omar speaks to journalists, saying that countrywide attacks would begin if security operations continue in tribal areas. He claims that the Taliban are open to negotiations with the government.

Security operations: Security forces kill three militants in Bajaur agency, FATA while attacking militant hideouts in the Khar and Nawagai areas of the agency.

Transnational crime: Police seize 350 kg of foreign origin hashish and 22 kg of foreign origin opium destined for Punjab in Peshawar.

Military developments/ Political developments/ Security operations: The grand jirga of the Salarzai Tribe in Bajaur Agency, FATA, decides to form a 20,000 strong militia to combat militancy and maintain law and order. They also decide to expel members of the tribe harbouring militants, fining them INR2 million and setting fire to their houses.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: Four government employees, including a deputy director of customs, went missing while traveling from the Torkham border to Peshawar.

A USAID official was kidnapped at gunpoint. It is unclear whether he is still with the kidnappers, as locals opened fired on the kidnappers creating panic. The kidnapped person is the nephew of Syed Anwar, a high-ranking ANP official.

Political developments: Members of the tri-partite (ISAF, Afghan and Pakistani) Executive Steering Group meet to discuss coordination in joint military efforts along the borders of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

The NWFP government expresses interest in the resumption of peace talks between the government and local Taliban in Swat, NWFP. The NWFP government is only willing to enter into peace talks in the local Taliban recognizes the authority of the NWFP government.

The Pakistani Senate’s Committee on Defense and Defense Production conveys its reservations on US drone attacks and un-mandated presence of Indian troops in Afghanistan to the UK Parliamentary Defense Committee and NATO Headquarters. They claim that the drone attacks are earning the US and its allies a ‘bad name’ in the region.

Press freedom: The local Taliban in Wana, South Waziristan (FATA) bann the leading Urdu daily, Aaj Kal, from local circulation. The Taliban claim it spreads immoralities.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents/ Insurgency/Non-state armed groups/ Security operations: Security forces attack Taliban hideouts in Matta, Charbagh and Khwazakhela tehsils of the Swat Valley, NWFP.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: A woman councilor and a local PPP politician are gunned down near Mingora town.

Military developments/ Political developments: The chief of Pakistan’s Air force says that Pakistan possessed the military capability to stop US missile attacks, if the government deemed it appropriate. State Minister for the Interior Tasneem Qureshi confirms that the Pakistani Government has finalized a plan to devise a joint strategy to tackle consistent violations of Pakistani airspace.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: Security forces attack militant outposts in the border regions of Mohmand Agency, FATA, killing 25. The army claim to have cleared 21 out of 25 villages in the agency.

Security forces launch an attack in Charbagh, Matta and Khwazakhela tehsils in the Swat Valley, killing ten militants.

Security forces launch artillery and mortar shells on militants in Khar, Bajaur Agency, killing nine militants. Nearby, four women are killed and two others are injured by a fighter-plane dropped bomb whilst getting water from a local spring.

Security operations/ Armed clashes/Violent incidents: Security forces bomb Bajaur Agency using fighter aircraft, killing four militants and three female civilians.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: A coalition force container containing supplies destined for troops in Afghanistan is attacked by remote-control bomb in Khyber Agency, injuring three people.

Political developments: Syed Yusuf Raza Gillani, Prime Minister of Pakistan, saya that the US has no agreement with Pakistan allowing it to conduct drone attacks in the border regions.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: An Army convoy is attacked by the Taliban in North Waziristan, using a remote-controlled bomb. Two security force personnel are injured.

The Taliban attack a police checkpoint in Hangu district, killing three civilians and a policeman.

The Taliban torch two electronic goods shops, selling satellite antennas, in Mingora, NWFP.

Security forces attack Taliban hideouts in the Swat valley, killing 20. The attacks also destroy a local school and four houses.

Security forces attack Taliban positions in Khwazakhel. The attacks miss their targets and kill eight civilians, including six women. Thirty-three people are injured..

Security forces recover 12 suicide bomber vests from Charsadda district, NWFP during the arrest of four Taliban militants.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: A suicide attack kills 12 people in a mosque in Bajaur Agency, including the chief of an anti-militant tribal militia.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: Eighteen elders of the Parachamkani tribe are kidnapped in Khurram Agency. The abductions are believed to be a result of a long-standing land dispute between the Parachamkani tribe and the Masozai tribe.

Security force operations in the Swat valley kill five militants and four civilians. Dozens of civilians are injured.

Two female civilians are killed by security force operations in Khwazakhela. Two male civilians are killed by a mortar shell fired by security forces in Kabal, Swat.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: Militants bomb a primary school in Kabal, Swat. No casualties are reported.

Political developments: Two major tribes in Bajaur Agency, the Mamond and Salarzai, pledge support for government efforts to flush out militants from their area.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents/ Security operations: A US drone fires two missiles into Bannu district, killing four and injuring four others. Three foreign militants are killed in the attack.

Three female civilians are killed when a military shell hits their house in NWFP.

Political developments: The NWFP agrees to peace talks with the Swat Taliban if there is an unconditional surrender of arms on the part of the militants.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: A suicide attack at a security checkpoint in Khawazakhela kills ten and injures 17 in Swat. The Swat Taliban have taken responsibility for the attack.

Security forces attack suspected militant positions in Mohmand Agency, killing four and injuring eight.

Security forces and Taliban militants clash in Swat, killing nine Taliban militants.

Political developments: Talks begin between Taliban mullah Fazlullah and a Swat peace jirga (council).

Helicopter gunships attack militants in Mohmand Agency, targeting a Taliban jeep.   Three militants and two civilians are killed in the attack.

US drones fire four guided missiles into North Waziristan, killing 12people. The missiles were launched at the house of Ameer Gul, a local tribal leader linked to the Taliban. The targeted house was completely destroyed. British terror suspect, Rashid Rauf, is among the dead.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: Three remote-controlled bombs go off in a Peshawar market, injuring three. The attack targeted video rental shops, suggesting Taliban involvement.

Clashes between security forces and the Taliban continue in the Kabal area or Swat district, damaging two bridges.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: An Iranian diplomat is abducted in Peshawar. His bodyguard is killed during the abduction.

Taliban militants fire mortar shells at a security checkpoint in NWFP.

The Taliban blow up a police post in Khyber Agency, near the Jamrud Bazaar. No casualties are reported.

Militants kill a USAID worker, Stephen de Vance, and his driver in Peshawar. Vance headed the USAID funded FATA Livelihood Development Programme.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: An American aid worker involved in a US government programme to bring development to a lawless tribal region of Pakistan is assassinated in his car on the way to work in the provincial capital, Peshawar.  No suspects have been identified.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents/ Security operations: Security forces and Taliban militants clash in Kabal, Swat district. Eight militants and one soldier are killed.

Security forces kill two militants and injure five civilians during a search operation in the Peshawar suburbs.

Kidnapping/Abductions/Disappearances: Taliban militants free four of the seven tribal elders they had abducted a week ago in Mohmand Agency, FATA.

Militants blow up a middle school for girls in the Chukiatan area of Upper Dir district. In total five girls’ schools two high schools, two middle schools and a primary school have been destroyed in the district during the last six months.

Kidnapping/Abductions/Disappearances: Taliban spokesman Muslim Khan says abducted Chinese engineer will be set free when the authorities release all 50 militants on a list given to Malakand Deputy Inspector General.

In intensifying operations against the Taliban in Baujaur, 16 Taliban militants are killed as security forces continue to target Taliban positions with fighter jets and helicopters. Targeted areas include Mamoond tehsil as well as six bases and an arms depot destroyed in the offensive. Several Taliban posts had been destroyed.

Two Taliban militants are killed as NATO supply trucks hijacked by Taliban earlier in the day are retrieved by Pakistan security forces in Khyber Agency.

Security operations: The Pakistani government orders law enforcement agencies to shoot suspected militants in the areas connecting Peshawar with Khyber Agency on sight, in order to control terrorist activities amid rising incidents of abduction for ransom.

Kidnapping/Abductions/Disappearances: The government releases three Taliban prisoners, including Baitullah Mehsud’s deputy Maulvi Rafiuddin, in exchange for the Taliban release of ten soldiers taken hostage in Hangu district of NWFP on 5 November.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: Nineteen Taliban militants, including Taliban commander Wali Rehman,   are killed as fighter jets and helicopter gunships target suspected militant hideouts in the Mamoond and Nawagai tehsils.

During a local lashkar meeting, 22 tribesmen are killed and 45 others injured when a suicide bomber blows himself up at a Salarzai jirga in the Bajaur Agency of FATA.

The leader of the Swat military operation, Major Gen Nasir Janjua, tells reporters in Mingora that the Taliban have suffered heavy casualties and the valley will soon be cleared of them.   He says troops have completed an operation in the Sar Senai area of Kabal tehsil, during which 60 army personnel were also killed.

Kidnapping/Abductions/Disappearances: Taliban say they have released 12 students who were kidnapped on November 4^th on suspicion of spying for the government, saying they were released ‘after their parents personally assured us that these students will not indulge in spying for the security forces.’

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: Eleven Taliban militants are killed by bombs dropped by jet fighters and artillery shelling in various areas of Bajaur Agency, destroying several Taliban hideouts.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: A lashkar raised by the Barozai tribe in Ward Mamond continues its drive against militants, clearing 12 villages in the past few weeks.

Law enforcement: Growing threats to law enforcement agencies in the Swat valley has resulted in around 350 policemen deserting or submitted their resignations from the force. The District Police Officer has however asked them to change their decision. Some policemen have published advertisements in local and regional newspapers disowning the police force in order to clarify their positions to the Taliban.  

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: Suspected Taliban fire two rockets at the Peshawar International Airport from an unidentified location, damaging the runway and the nearby house of a military officer. This is the second attack on the airport in as many days. Officials say the rockets are Russian-made with a range of 10-15 kilometres.

Regional relations: A suspected US drone is seen flying at low altitude over several areas of North Waziristan Agency in the FATA. In response, local elders ask the government to stop US attacks in the agency, stating that the violation of Pakistani airspace by US spy planes is a threat to the country’s security. The elders say that if attacks are not stopped, the tribesmen would join the Taliban to fight against US and NATO forces in Afghanistan.

Peace processes: Kanju Peace Jirga (council) present a proposal for the restoration of peace in the region to local Taliban. Taliban assure the jirga that they will consider their demands, with leaders on both sides expressing optimism that they would reach a viable solution to end the ongoing violence in the Swat valley.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: A rocket fired by unidentified people lands on Peshawar Airport premises, with no reports of causalities or damage.

Kidnapping/Abductions/Disappearances: Sixteen people, including several security officials, are abducted from Orakzai and Mohmand agencies.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: A suicide bomber rams his explosives-laden truck into a paramilitary force base near Wana, South Waziristan near the Afghanistan border, killing at least eight Frontier Corps troops.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: Two insurgents are injured in a gunfight at the Saidu Sharif airport, which took place after an attack of militants on the positions of security forces at the airport.

US missiles strikes kill 12 suspected Taliban militants at a hideout near Wana in South Waziristan. An unnamed senior security official says that top Taliban commander Mullah Nazir is wounded in the strike.

Twenty al Qaeda militants are killed when two suspected US missiles strike a pick-up truck and a house west of Mir Ali in North Waziristan. Security officials say that Abu Akash al-Iraqi, an ageing Al Qaeda leader, is suspected to be killed in the attack.

Kidnapping/Abductions/Disappearances: Militants free 62 elders as a ‘goodwill gesture’ after hectic efforts are made by a local jirga to have them released. Militants say that elders have assured them they will not stand up to the insurgents in future. The militants had earlier killed 12 elders who had gathered in a mosque to devise a plan to keep the militants away from their area.

Disarmament/Demobilization/Reintegration: Local Taliban in the Orakzai Agency of FATA have agreed to lay down arms, demolish training camps and expel foreign fighters, including Uzbeks and Arabs, from their respective areas. Tribal leaders say that local Taliban can stay in the area if they give assurance of good conduct.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents:Five civilians, including a woman, are killed and 21 others injured during shelling on Kabal village of Swat during cross-fire between security forces and militants.

Law enforcement: The process of establishing the local village police force in Lower Dir is complete, with the distribution of certificates to around 450 volunteers during a ceremony in the Timergarah area. Village police will conduct joint patrolling along with regular police to improve law and order in the district.

Peace processes: During a two-day jirga or conference, Afghan and Pakistani tribal leaders have agreed to seek talks with Taliban leaders and other militant groups, as long as they promise to abide by the laws of each country. The Afghan representative, former Foreign Minister Abdullah Abdullah, said ‘the door is now wide open,’ for the opposition to make contact and start the process of peace and reconciliation.  

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: Tribesmen kill 20 Taliban militants in clashes that followed a botched attempt to abduct an elder lashkar chief in Swat in the NWFP from his home in the Mandaldag area of Matta tehsil.  Hundreds of Taliban later returned, captured three members of the militia and beheaded one of them on a road before a large crowd.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents:  A suspected US missile strike in Badar, South Waziristan kills 20, military sources say.   White House spokesman Gordon Johndroe says he had no comment on the report, and a CIA spokesperson also declined comment.

Security forces have killed 1,500 Taliban militants during the Bajaur operation so far and regained complete control of strategic towns including Loyesam, military officials said at a media briefing. 95 civilians and 73 troops were also killed during the operation, codenamed ‘Sherdill.’   They say 950 Taliban militants had also been arrested during the operation that began in August, 2008, including 300 foreign terrorists mainly from Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan.   Gen Tariq Khan says ‘The worst is over [..] I think we’ve turned the corner,’ but added that the operation ‘could go for several months before the area is completely cleared of militants’.

Military developments: Maj Gen Tariq Khan alleges that about 200 Taliban militants are infiltrating from Afghanistan into Pakistan to help those battling security forces in Bajaur Agency every 2-3 days. In an interview with BBC Urdu, Khan says he has raised the infiltration issue with NATO, the US and Afghan authorities after which the infiltration had reduced ‘to an extent.’ He claims that Taliban militants in Bajaur are lead by Afghan commander Qari Ziaur Rehman and arereceiving assistance from unnamed ‘foreign countries’.

Security operations: Security forces carry out ground and air strikes in the Bajaur Agency, killing at least 35 Taliban militants.

Two missiles fired from an unmanned drone strike a madrassa religious school set up by veteran pro-Taliban commander, Jalaluddin Haqqani in NWFP, killing eight people.

International aid/UN activities:   Pakistan seeks help from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to avoid defaulting on billions of dollars in loans and avoid a financial crisis brought on by high fuel prices, dwindling foreign investment and soaring militant violence due to heightened conflict in NWFP and FATA. Pakistani officials had previously said turning to the IMF would be a last resort. Dominique Strauss-Kahn, managing director of the fund, said in a statement that an IMF mission will begin discussions with Pakistani authorities in the next few days ‘on a program aimed at strengthening economic stability and enhancing confidence in the financial system. The amount of (IMF) financing under a stand-by arrangement has yet to be determined.’

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: The Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) indicates a willingness to lay down arms if the Government ends the ongoing military operation, though TTP added that the Government had always backed out of its previous promises.

At least 15 Frontier Constabulary (FC) personnel and five Taliban militants are found dead in the Kabal tehsil, Swat.

Security operations: Security forces backed by helicopter gun ships and jet fighters target suspected Taliban hideouts in the Nawagai and Mamond tehsils of Bajaur Agency, killing more than 12 Taliban militants and injuring ten.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: Fifteen Taliban militants are killed as security forces use heavy artillery, fighter jets and helicopter gun ships to target suspected Taliban hide-outs in Bajaur Agency. Helicopters dropped pamphlets asking tribesmen to support the Government against Taliban.

Law enforcement: Security forces arrest 32 suspected militants, mostly Uzbeks, from a Quetta-bound passenger bus. Most of the exit points on the Pak-Afghan border have already been sealed by the US-led coalition forces and the militants are now reportedly trying to enter Afghanistan via Quetta in order to excape military operations.   A further nine Uzbeks have been arrested in a house raid in Chaman.

A US intelligence assessment says that the ‘FATA insurgency is intensifying’ and calls the situation in Pakistan ‘very bad’.   The National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Pakistan says the Pakistani military is reluctant to launch an all-out campaign against the Taliban in part because of popular opposition to continuing the co-operation with the US. The aim of the assessment is to determine whether a US presence in the region can be effective and if so, what should the US strategy be.

Five people are killed in a suspected US drone strike in South Waziristan, including at least one foreigner member of the Pakistani Taliban. The identities of the others victims are not yet clear.

Prison guards seize grenades and handguns from Taliban militants after they revolted in the Timergara district jail in the Lower Dir, and four policemen taken hostage are rescued. An investigation is under way to find out how the weapons were smuggled into the prison.
 
A missile attack reportedly by a drone on an unregistered car killed two Uzbek nationals in the Sam area of South Waziristan. It was the first such attack on an area of the Mehsud tribe.

A suicide bomber rams a vehicle packed with explosives into the Mingora Police Station in Swat in the NWFP killing four security personnel and destroying the building four members of the security forces were also killed in the blast that destroyed the police station and damaged shops, a hotel, a school and houses in Mingora.

Law enforcement: The Crimes Investigation Department (CID) arrests two criminals who are allegedly supplying automatic weapons to various militant outfits, including Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ) and the Taliban. 

Security developments: Security forces have instated a curfew in Khar, Bajaur Agency, as part of the ongoing military operation. All shops and offices are closed and residents are ordered to remain indoors. A government official, Jamil Khan, says that new troops are flowing into Khar along with tanks and artillery.

Peace processes: A Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) spokesman says that the Pakistani Taliban are ready to lay down their arms and hold talks with the government if the latter ceases fire, saying that ‘we are sensible people and understand the survival and integrity of our country. If the government relinquishes use of power, we are also ready to stop our actions and hold talks with the government.’ When asked whether the TTP would go into Afghanistan i the Afghan Taliban asked for their assistance, he said the decision will be made in consultation with the people.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: Security forces fire artillery and mortars onto hideouts of Taliban militants in Bajaur Agency, killing at least 16 Taliban militants. Six other Taliban militants are killed by helicopter gun ships in the same area.

Law enforcement: The Bajaur political administration arrests 100 people of the Mamoond tribe for not taking action against Taliban militants.

Human rights: Thousands of civilians have descended on Saidu Teaching Hospital (STH) in Swat District with cases of acute watery diarrhoea over the past few weeks. Militants had blow up an electricity sub-station, causing tube wells and the water supply to be disrupted, and forcing people to resort to drinking dirty water and fall sick. So far there have been two deaths.

Militants blow up a high school in the Fazalabad area of Kanju town.

28 Taliban militants killed in Bajaur Agency by security officials, who used helicopter gun ships and artillery. Meanwhile, four tribesmen killed in clashes between the Taliban militants and a tribal lashkar in the Kotkai village near Charmang area.

Military developments: Christina Lamb of the Sunday Times reports that British officials covered up evidence that a Taliban commander killed by special forces in Helmand in Afghanistan last year was in fact a Pakistani military officer, saying British soldiers discovered a Pakistani military ID on his body.

Security forces have killed 27 Taliban militants in an air strike in the Orakzai Agency, including two important Taliban commanders and 12 would-be suicide bombers.

Taliban militants behead four elders from the Charmang tribe after the militants abducted the elders when they were returning home after attending a jirga convened to plan action against the Taliban.  In reaction the ashkar has now accelerated their action against the local Taliban

At least 85 people are killed and around 200 others are wounded when a suicide bomber in an explosives-laden vehicle sets off an explosion in an anti-Taliban jirga of the Ali Khel tribe in the Khadezai area of Upper Orakzai Agency. Jirga member Qeemat Khan Orakzai says ‘we were busy in raising a lashkar to evict Taliban from the region when this attack took place’.

In the Mandal area of Salarzai tehsil (revenue division), a tribal lashkar comprising thousands of armed tribesmen announces a crackdown against militants in their area starting from today.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: Six members of a family are killed in the Darmai area of Matta tehsil (revenue division) as a shell fired by the security forces accidentally hits the house of a local, identified as Wazirzada. The dead include two women, three children and a male member of the family.

Eleven people including four schoolchildren, three policemen, and five prisoners are killed during a suicide bomb attack in  Dir. A police van carrying prisoners on trial back to the Timergra central prison was blown up when it hit a roadside bomb near Kuwagga Obo area. Some reports say the police vehicle was blown up with the help of a remote controlled bomb.

At least seven people, including three foreigners, are killed in a missile attack by a suspected US drone, 20-kilometres east of Miranshah in the North Waziristan. The attack on the Ghundai village targeted the house of Muhammad Sultan, son of Zaley Gul.

At least eight persons, include seven Taliban militants and a local tribesman, are killed when the local Toori tribesmen and security forces (SFs) clashed with the Taliban militants in the Kurram Agency of FATA on 9 October . The clashes began when the Taliban attacked the Ali Zai village in the Lower Kurram Agency. The SFs and a lashkar (army) of the Toori tribe retaliated, killing six Taliban. A tribesman was also killed in the clash.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: A security convoy is targeted by a remote-controlled bomb in the Abbas area of Darra Adam Khel. 

Taliban militants blow up the house of Union Council Nazim Jamshid Ali in the Kabal tehsil. However, no casualties are reported. 

Taliban militants cut off the water supply to the security forces’ camp in the Pacific, Totano Bandai areas of the same tehsil.

Security forces arrest 22 Taliban militants, including several important commanders in an operation at Gul Jabba in Kabal tehsil, Swat. Several Taliban hideouts are also destroyed in the operation, and a large quantity of arms and ammunition was also recovered from their possession.

Population displacement: Continuous flights of spy planes over South Waziristan and fears of a military operation in the Mehsud area cause large-scale population movement. Sources said that almost 40%of the people of the Mehsud area hava left their homes and moved to the settled areas of the NWFP, with as many as 300,000 leaving in February alone when security forces carried out an operation against Taliban which also destroyed a number of houses, bazaars and government buildings.

Political developments: Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari says that the onslaught of terrorism and extremism is having a negative effect on the country’s economic development and its institutions, but that the government’s response is an effective strategy to combat these elements.

Speaking to parliament, Pakistan opposition leader Nawaz Sharif of Pakistan Muslim League - Nawaz (PML-N) calls for national consensus regarding the policy against terror, and called for thorough and threadbare discussion on the sensitive issues of national security.

Population displacement: So far this year, more than 250,000 Afghans have left Pakistan and Iran to return home. Reasons for the move back focus on economic and security uncertainties they face in exile, including the high cost of living in Pakistan amid the current food and fuel crisis.

Political developments: Pakistan Prime Minister Syed Yusuf Raza Gillani says that by being a frontline state in the war against terror, Pakistan has sacrificed more than any other country. The prime minister said that Pakistan's extending hospitality to over 3m Afghan refugees has put enormous pressure on the country's socioeconomic stability as well as security.

The joint session of parliament meets today, and will be briefed by the military director-general on ‘internal threat of terrorism and progress of operation in Fata and Swat’ as well as topics such as the rationale behind the military operation in the tribal areas and a timeline. The Army is providing security to protect the federal capital against any security threats during the session.

Military developments: Unmanned US drones continue to fly over Pakistan's North Waziristan despite tribals firing at them. 

International courts/Special courts/Trials: An anti terrorism court [ATC] in Pakistan named the chief of Tehrik-i-Taleban Pakistan (TTP) militant group and ten other men as defendants   in a case regarding a planned suicide attack against former President Pervez Musharraf and other prominent personalities. The scheme to kill Musharraf was foiled by law enforcement agencies on 1 June after they seized three vehicles laden with over 1,000kg explosive material and arrested six men from Rawalpindi.

Peacekeeping/Peacebuilding: A grand Jerga of   Salrazai tribes of Bajaur Agency decide to setup a Peace Keeping Force (PKF) to help the security forces to maintain law and order in the agency.

Two more tribes form militias or lashkars to take action against the Taliban in order to restore peace in the Tribal Areas,while separately, tribal elders from the Khyber, Bajaur, Mohmand and Orakzai agencies and the Frontier Regions assure the government of their support against the Taliban.

Law enforcement/ Security operations: After a three-day deadline given to them to leave the region expired on Sunday evening, the Pakistani Government launches a crackdown on Afghan refugees living in Bajaur , rounding up 12 Afghan nationals suspected to be involved in militancy and attacks on Pakistani security forces.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: Rumours abound in media sources of the death or incapacitation of Baitullah Mehsud, the TTP's leader. Most analysts believe he has long-standing health issues. Spokesmen for the Taliban deny all allegations while the US State Department says it cannot confirm his death.

Border and boundary issues: In Islamabad, President Zardari delivers his first address to the parliament. He echoes the recent widely-issued warnings against violations of Pakistan's territorial integrity. Reforming the status and place of the tribal areas within the wider nation tops his political agenda.

Political developments: A 4,000-strong grand jirga of the powerful Ahmedzai Wazir tribe, strongly condemns infrigements on their territorial sovereignty in the tribal areas.

Border and boundary issues: Media reports claim that upon being shot at, allegedly by Pakistani soldiers, an undisclosed number of US aircraft, including UAVs, turn away from the tribal areas, back into Afghanistan. An unconfirmed Pakistani media report also claims that Pakistani troops responded to alleged NATO fire from across the Durand Line. This comes after General Kiyani's strong pledge to defend the country's territorial integrity and NATO's firm denial that it was involved in border violations.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: In Swat district, NWFP, TTP militants announce the release of 25 out of 38 soldiers kidnapped in July 2008.

Military developments: In Swat district, NWFP, a 40-memebr jirga fails to negotiate a truce between Maulana Fazlullah's Taliban and the security forces.

Transnational crime: In Khyber Agency, FATA, Lashkar-e-Islam burns 23 Kg of high quality heroin in front of journalists and in presence of top leader Mangal Bagh. The drugs had been seized by the group a week before.

In North Waziristan Agency, FATA, a man is found shot dead, claimed by militants to have been a spy serving US interests.

Civil unrest: Across four localities of Mohmand Agency, FATA, the TTP is reported to have set up courts delivering justice in compliance with Sharia law.

Political developments: President Zardari, ahead of a visit to London, discusses the implications of US incursions across the border, with Prime Minister Gilani.

Population displacements: The closure of the Kohat tunnel, and that of the Indus highway since early September 2008, is causing severe strains on the movements of civilians and goods, according to media reports.

Civil unrest: In the Shabqadar area of the NWFP, Taliban militants put a police station under siege. After half an hour and talks with local tribal leaders, the intimidation ceases and the insurgents walk away.

Military developments: Addressing a Congressional committee in Washington, Admiral Mullen announces a new military strategy stretching across the border into Pakistan. A NATO spokesperson reiterates that the alliance only plans on continuing fighting operations in Afghanistan alone.

Border and boundary issues: General Kiyani delivers a strong statement in defence of his country's territorial integrity in light of recent US incursions.

Military developments: Media sources in the US allege that in July 2008 the White House allowed ground attacks into Pakistani territory. NATO denies taking part.

Peace processes: In a small town of the Kabal area, Swat district, NWFP, the Taliban are reported to have met with municipal leaders to settle local problems, including the issue of water supply.

Population displacements: A spokesperson for UNOCHA raises the prospect of violence spreading in the following weeks in the FATA and Swat district of the NWFP, potentially exposing vast numbers of civilians. Steps are taken preventively to manage the fate of up to 800,000 people. Already the displacements in Bajaur Agency are regarded to have been the largest ever within the country.

In Miranshah and Mir Ali, North Waziristan, FATA, fresh fighting is reported, partly in response to the missile attack on commander Haqqani's family the day day before. Meanwhile, France warns against the 'counter-productive effects' of harming civilians in bombing campaigns.

Military developments: In Islamabad, Interior affairs adviser Malik declines confront claims reportedly laid by Maj-Gen (R) Latif, according to whom former president Musharraf and the US government had a secret agreement granting NATO forces a hot pursuit right into Pakistani sovereign territory.

Political developments: Asif Ali Zardari is elected president of Pakistan, thus putting him in charge of governance in the FATA.

Border and boundary issues: In the Miranshah area of North Waziristan, an alleged cross-border UAV strike kills six people, two of which are thought to be Arab foreign fighters.

Military developments: Reports emerge that the ceasefire in Bajaur Agency, FATA, was the result of a decision taken and announced by the government without prior consultation of the army.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: In Dir district, NWFP, the Taliban abduct two Chinese engineers and two nationals. A spokesman for the militants argues the action was lead in retaliation to the army's activities.

In Swat district, NWFP, Maulana Fazlullah rejects the government's unilateral Ramadan ceasefire. The 21 May 2008 agreement is quoted by a spokesman as a necessary condition to fulfil before such an intitative can be agreed upon.

In the Kuza Bandai area of Swat district, NWFP, security forces kill 23 militants in airstrikes and artillery fire, according to a spokesman.

Population displacements: UNHCR Head Antonio Guterres acknowledges that a deadline for the return of 1.8-2.4 million Afghan refugees now in Pakistan is more likely to be envisaged with a 2011-2013 timeframe rather than an original 2009 aim. Separately, he also adds that an international appeal for 300,000 Pakistani IDPs is in preparation, in response to the flight of civilians unprooted by the military's ongoing air and ground campaign in Bajaur Agency, FATA. Guterres presents a pilot action concept-plan  called the Refugee Affected and Hosting Areas (RAHA), for application in the NWFP and Balochistan.

In the Tiarza area of South Waziristan Agency, FATA, an estimated 100 Taliban fighters attack an army fort and a bridge nearby. Beside one civilian being reported killed in the developments, four to 37 militants are alleged to also have died in the clashes, according to conflicting accounts by spokesmen of the two parties.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: The banned charity Jama'at-ud-Dawa, associated in the past with Lashkar-e-Taiba, publishes an appeal in the Paksitani Nawa-e Waqt newspaper, calling for donations to help civilians in Bajaur Agency, FATA as well as Kashmir.

Military developments: General Kayani, US chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Mullen and other senior military leaders meet to discuss border infiltration amongst other issues onboard a US carrier patrolling the Indian Ocean,. A month after the two men's last meeting, then their fourth since Kayani assumed his charge, the tone is reported less confrontational. Officials do not disclose anything about the involvement of US Special Forces in the FATA-NWFP.

In the Kohat area, militants detonate a bomb destroying a girl school and causing considerable damage to the building.

In Bajaur Agency, FATA, five militants are reported killed in helicopter attacks.

In Swat district, NWFP, security forces state that clashes during the 24-25 August 2008 killed 35 militants. The casualties on the government's side are unknown.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: The TTP is thought by intelligence officers to be outsourcing some of its funding activities in Peshawar to groups alleged to include Jaish-i-Mohammed, Karkat ul-Jihad-i-Islami and Harkat-l-Mujahideen. This raises questions about a possible trend pointing toward the criminalisation of some of the Taliban's revenue, as their advisers are thought to have instructed recruits to infiltrate the financial industry or carry out abductions. In reaction to this and the Pakistan Ordanance Factories suicide-bombing on 21 August 2008, the government announces the same day that it formally bans the outfit, and in particular, freezes its assets.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: On the highway leading from Khot to Peshawar, a roads engineer and his driver are abducted. Militants of Derra Adamkhel are suspected in the press.

Military developments: In South Waziristan Agency, FATA, Taliban commander Maulvi Nazir announces a unilateral ceasefire on the part of his group of fighter, applying to the whole Agency until 30 August 2008. But he signals that he will respond to any attacks.

Population displacements: NWFP governor Ghani says that among the 263,000 IDPs having fled violence in Bajaur Agency, FATA, 16,000 have returned, leaving 50,000 in camps.

In South Waziristan Agency, Taliban led by Maulvi Nazeer clash with security forces. Heavy weapons, rockets and mortars are used.

Civil unrest: In the border town of Chaman, The Frontier Corps suspend mobile phone services to incite the companies running them to strictly restrict their network coverage to Pakistani territory only, for security reasons. Systems have been reported to work up to 10 kilometres inside Afghanistan.

Peace processes: In Bajaur Agency, FATA, on the 19th day of its offensive, the government is reported to have rejected a unilateral cease-fire and settlement deal both declared by local TTP leaders, and brokered by the JUI-F. Adviser Malik confirms the decision in a statement later on in the day, casting doubt on the sincerity of the militants' initiative.

Population displacements: The ICRC estimates that 14,000 civilians have moved from Bajaur Agency, FATA, to neighbouring Kunar province in Afghanistan.

Military developments: The TTP deputy chief proposes a ceasefire if the army holds its artillery and mortar fire.

Political developments: The NWFP governor states that compared to a few months ago, the situation has improved in South Waziristan and Khyber Agencies in the FATA, as well as the Swat district in the NWFP. He also sees an improving trend in Bajaur Agency as he alleges refugees are returning to their homes. Two days earlier, the TTP spokesman had stated that the Pakistani Taliban had only lost seven men but that the security forces in Bajaur had lost over 200, while 40 had been captured by his forces.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: The Awami National Party's Afrasiab Khattak, a NWFP peace envoy, states that the situation in the FATA, regarding the Taliban and al-Qaeda collusion and presence is akin to the one in place in Afghanistan prior to the 11 September 2001 attacks. He encourages local tribesmen to conduct their own expulsion campaigns to rid their territories of the militants. He cites Lakki Marwat, Buner, Kohistan, Dir as successful examples of this security solution. On the political side, he supports the idea of locally elected and representative councils, as a means of ensuring good governance in FATA, possibly outside of the Pakistani President's authority.

Military developments: Army Chief General Kayani visits Kabul for the 23^rd meeting of the Tripartite Commission between Pakistan, Afghanistan and NATO discussing border security.

Political developments: NWFP Governor Ghani, addressing a US congressional delegation, states the need for a common political solution straddling the Durand line. Alongside the government's three-pronged strategy, he mentions a plan to develop minerals extraction in the FATA.

Civil unrest: In Bajaur Agency, FATA, fresh reports emerge of civilians being prevented from seeking refuge by the Taliban, who allegedly hope to use them as human shields.

Political developments: Across the frontier areas, multiple sightings of street celebrations are reported, after the announcement of President Musharraf's resignation. Reactions in available interviews are heavily politicised, and mostly express, to various degrees the wish and sometimes the confidence, that regional issues, with security foremost, can or will be solved. No details on the size or spread of those demonstrations are available.

Peace processes: In Kurram Agency, a jirga sees six tribes announce their support of the government effort to flush out Pakistani Taliban forces. The tribes are identified as the Tori Bangesh, Mastokhel, Alizai, Mamzakhel, Ghandakhel, Doperzai.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: The TTP's Baitullah Mehsud announces his decision to devide the Mehsud tribes-dominated areas of South Waziristan into four units, each with dispute settlement committees. The areas are Saam, Barwand, Makeen, Srarogha.

Political developments: Notices commissionned by the NWFP government appear in regional newspapers. They endorse local resistance groups springing from jirgas in militant affected districts such as Hangu, Lakki Marwat, Buner and Dir. The development follows the first briefing given jointly by FATA and NWFP official spokesmen in Peshawar.

Population displacements: Prime Minister Gillani announces a comprehensive plan to rehabilitate IDPs from Bajaur Agency, FATA.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In the lower part of the Dir district, NWFP, the situation is reported to be very tense as an ultimatum ordering 150 foreign fighters and several hundred Taliban to leave the area expires. Local tribal leaders have raised two armed groups or lashkars, supported by a plan to mobilise 50 men per village. The Maidan area of Dir following their eviction from neighbouring Bajaur days before, under the pressure of army bombings. Maidan is at the historical the heart of the Maulana Sufi Mohammad's TNSM. The area is reported to also hold several refugee camps.

Near Michni, north of Peshawar district, a petrol truck explodes, destroying 44,000 litres of fuel destined to replenish Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan. The driver is suspected of having initially detonated a charge.

In Matta sub-district, Swat, NWFP, Taliban militants torch four girl schools. An unverifiable report states that 95 schools have been destroyed in the restless district.

In Tirah Valley, Khyber Agency, FATA, a close aide to Lashkar-i-Islam leader Mangal Bagh, is killed during a jerga. The meeting discussed the clashes with Ansarul Islam, who are also accused of being responsible for this development.

In Kurram Agency, FATA, fighting continues and claims the lives of 11 tribal combatants and two civilians.

Population displacements: In Islamabad, Aftab Ahmed Sherpao, member of the National Assembly and leader of the PPP-S, claims that at least 200,000 people have left their homes to escape the airstrikes and fighting in Bajaur Agency, FATA. He adds that Mohmand Agency is also seeing large scale displacements of civilians for the same reasons. He alleges that in both Agencies, the government has resisted offers of assistance by NGOs and the WFP. The next day a FATA official quotes a figure of 135,000 and adds camps are being set up, most notably in Shabqadar.

At the boundary of Bajaur and Mohmand Agencies in the FATA, civilians are reported to be fleeing clashes and seeking refuge in Peshawar and Charsadda districts amongst several locations. The development sees queues of vehicles heading east, while in the Khar area, civilian houses are reported to have been destoyed and an electricity blackout imposed. In Mohmand, the departure areas include Chenare, Safi, Lakaro and Qandaro. Vehicle owners are said to be charging PKR6,000-7,000 to convey a family to safety. Meanwhile in Peshawar, IDP including black armband-wearing children, demonstrate against the army's operations. But the government's advisor on the interior, Rehman Malik states that seven camps with a potential for accommodating 219,000 IDPs have been set up in Bajaur itself. He adds that PKR250 million are being allocated to the relief effort.

Peace processes: In Dir district, NWFP, a jerga of local tribesmen decides that neither the Taliban nor the government forces are to station in the area. They plan to organise a self-defence militia but the Taliban, already occupying the land, refuse expulsion.

Political developments: The NWFP Chief Minister, during Independence Day celebrations, states that operations in Bajaur only target foreign fighters such as Chechens, Uzbeks and Arabs. Although he adds that his government is taking a firm stand in negotiations, he acknowledges the existence of a trend seeing violence diffusing from the FATA to the NWFP.

Unconfirmed reports establish that Bajaur Agency refugees escaping the heavy fighting are entering Afghanistan's Kunar province. Also, sightings of Taliban emerge in Rawalpindi, Punjab. They are assumed to be travelling with refugees.

Civil unrest: In Karachi, the influx of refugees fleeing clashes in the FATA prompts security fears as posters, anonymous mobile phone messages and graffiti seem to indicate unidentified militants may be seeking to target the newly arrived Pushtun families.

In Kabbal district, Swat, NWFP, the curfew is loosened, stretching 10.00-20.00, according to an official release.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In Mardan district, NWFP, the TTP announces it will launch bomb attacks and suicide bombings onto Independence Day functions should participants not refrain from dancing and attending musical programs. The celebrations are cancelled.

In Swat, NWFP, militants attack the house of Afzal Khan Lala, a veteran Pushtun nationalist, who escapes unhurt. President Karzai of Afghanistan condemns the attack on the Awami National Party leader.

In South Waziristan, FATA, militants suspected of being under the command of Maulvi Nazeer, attack two army camps in Pash Khenai and Sawaira Ghundai. The assailants are thought to have taken heavy losses while the security forces are reported not to have had any casualties.

In Buner district, NWFP, villagers kill six members of a militant group after asking them to surrender. The men had been allegedly previously involved in the killing of eight police personnel.

In Wana, South Waziristan, FATA, at dusk, two alleged US UAVs including one surveillance drone and one UCAV, launch an attack of four Hellfire missiles on a village close to the border. 12 suspected militants are killed including three Turkmens, some Arab fighters and local combatants. As Taliban men recover the bodies and bury them selectively according to their origin , Pakistani helicopters are reported patrolling the area all through the night. In Kabul, a US military spokesman denies knowledge of the whole development.

In Kurram Agency, FATA, clashes continue between tribes using heavy weapons that include mortar and missile attacks. One week of fighting is thought to have caused the death of some 120 people and injured 200 others.

In Swat , NWFP, two civilians, a woman and her grandson, are killed in a missile attack, which also injures another person.

In Swat, NWFP, militants attack the house of Afzal Khan Lala, a veteran Pushtun nationalist, who escapes unhurt. President Karzai of Afghanistan condemns the attack on the Awami National Party leader.

In South Waziristan, FATA, militants suspected of being under the command of Maulvi Nazeer, attack two army camps in Pash Khenai and Sawaira Ghundai. The assailants are thought to have taken heavy losses while the security forces are reported not to have had any casualties.

Political developments: In Islamabad, Prime Minister Gillani delivers his Independence Day address to the nation. He devotes a specific section to the longer term development and poverty eradication challenges underlying the security problems in the tribal areas. He mentions the US Biden-Lugar Bill stretching over a decade with 1,000 billion rupees attached for a nationwide effort. Another example provided is the 54 billion rupees package his government plans to allocate to the FATA Sustainable Development Programme.

The leader of the Jamaat-e-islami radical group condemns the government's attacks of Pakistani Taliban militants in Bajaur Agency of the FATA and Swat in the NWFP.

Civil unrest: In Swat, NWFP, the Pakistani Taliban warn civilians to stay away of Independence Day celebrations. A spokesman argues the recommendation is designed to prevent non-combatants from being harmed in attacks the militants may carry out.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: A report alleges that militants fighting the armed forces in Bajaur Agency, FATA, are seeking to prevent bombings, by using civilians as human shields. In Mamond sub-district, they have been ordered to remain in their villages despite the risks for their lives and some men have been equipped by the Taliban with AK-47 rifles to force their families to remain inside their houses.

Military developments: In Buner district, NWFP, a gathering of tribal leaders decides to create a self-defence force against the advance of the Taliban. A grand jirga is also installed to liaise with local people and the administrative and law-enforcement agencies.

In the Jamrud area, Khyber Agency, FATA, Taliban militants fire upon and finally take over a container truck carrying an undisclosed US consignment to Afghanistan. Two civilians, including the driver are killed.

In Peshawar, NWFP, Taliban militants bomb an Air Force bus killing 14 people. The development is explicitely framed as a retaliation measure for airstrikes in Bajaur Agency of the FATA, led 48 hours before.

Civil unrest: Mattani town, 25 kilometres from Peshawar, NWFP, is described in a Daily times report as a ghost town at nightfall. A siege mentality is said to characterise the local police station, that enforces a large curfew and prevents civilians from nearing its fenced compound. Nearby the Indus Highway is mostly at a checkpost for all intertraffic, while the Kohat tunnel, south of Peshawar, closes at 9:00pm in evenings. Only locals have restricted rights of circulation on the road. But no indication is given of how representative this example is  to the larger Peshawar region.

Political developments: In Kohat, NWFP, militants take up their quarters in the centre of the town following their renewed control over neighbouring Darra Adamkhel, Orakzai Agency, FATA. They close down local economic activities they suspect provide food to nearby security forces.

Political developments: The Taliban group Jaish-e-Islami threatens to launch a bombing campaign across the country unless the authorities stop their operations in Swat and other areas of the border.

The NWFP Assembly passes with a very large majority, a resolution demanding that President Musharraf seek a national confidence vote, as part of the impeachment proceedings launched against him. The text of the motion states that he is responsible for anti-Pashtun policies in the FATA, that have fanned violence and economic underperformance.

The NWFP assembly, the third largest of the country's four, votes 107-4 in favour of Musharraf seeking a confidence vote. On the prevous day, the Punjab vote had pointed toward the same direction with 321 for and 25 against.

Security operations: In Matani, close to Dara Adamkhel, FATA, businessmen accouse Frontier Corps forces of using them as human shields, after they took up positions amongst the population several months before. At the centre of security forces' attention lies a marketplace, reported to be the main commercial exchange for 100,000 locals. Some of the business has allegedly started relocating to Peshawar, as a result of security fears.

In the Peshawar area, NWFP, militants target and destroy a 500 KV electricity pylon they had already successfully blown up on 12 May 2008. Similarly, in the Mattani area, on 19 August 2008, militants detonate a bomb destroying a telephone exchange, bringing down communications in five councils.

In Swat's Matta and Kabal areas, as the military resorts to artillery fire, militants torch another five schools in apparent retaliation. Multiple incidents across the tribal areas are reported although fatality figures are contested.

Security operations: In Swat after close to a week-long operation, the army claims to have killed 94 militants while 14 government personnel are reported dead along with 28 civilians.

In Swat three schools are set on fire by the Taliban, only two days after two others underwent destruction in similar circumstances. A bridge is damaged too.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: In Orakzai Agency, FATA, militants abduct a bank branch manager and three employees.

Security operations: In Charsada district, NWFP, security forces seize a vehicle loaded with explosives on the Islamabad-Peshawar highway.

Security operations: The NWFP authorities declare eight districts to be 'high security zones' as they anticipate a rise of of Taliban attacks. Falling under this status are Tank, Peshawar, Abbottabad, Mardan, Nowshera, Kohat, Dera Ismail Khan, Bannu. This marks the beginning of an offensive of the army in the province, focusing mainly on Swat, as a result of increased arsons against girls schools and attacks against security or police forces.

Military developments: In Swat district, NWFP, the TTP's Fazlullah threatens the government with a wave of suicide attacks if it steps up its military operation in the area. He denies training children for such operations.

Political developments: Eight tribes from Hangu district convene a jirga siding with the government against the Taliban.

Political developments: A TTP  shura conceded its local defeat by releasing some Orakzai government workers and dropping the ultimatum.

Border and boundary issues: In the Landy Kotal pass area of the FATA, militants damage and partly immobilise a fleet of 22 lorries bound for Afghanistan with NATO supplies. Pamphlets are recovered on the scene, threatening those who support the cross-border logistics operations.

Military developments: In the Daoba area of Hangu district, NWFP, the Frontier Constabulary, Frontier Police and army personnel start an operation designed to put an end to recent clashes in the area. Artillery and air support is used.

In Nowshera, rockets, allegedly Russian-made, reach a civilian house and an Armoured Corps Centre.

Political developments: In Khyber Agency, FATA, government officials strike a deal with Lashkar-i-Islam in the Bara area during a jirga. Provided the security forces end their deployment, the militants step down their activities and armed presence.

Peace processes: In the NWFP, government officials and TTP leaders meet to revive the 21 May peace deal, in an atmosphere described by spokesmen of both sides as constructive. Pledges for the release of prisoners are exchanged against the prospect of enforcing Sharia Law in Swat district by October 2008.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: The US Homeland Security Secretary states that Al-Qaeda is regrouping in the tribal areas. He adds that the degree of protection offered to its militants is lower than that they were given when Afghanistan operated as a safe haven for them.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: In Mohmand Agency, FATA, the TTP abducts three journalists including a US national. The day before, two Frontier Corps personnel had been abducted in North Waziristan has they drove a supplies truck.

Military developments: The Chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff expresses confidence he has all the required support to launches strikes against Al-Qaeda and Taliban militants inside Pakistan.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In Terah Valley, Khyber Agency, FATA, clashes between two pro-Taliban groups kill seven people. Separately, in Bajaur Agency, FATA, a rocket fired from Afghanistan kills two civilians as it falls nearby a police station, also injuring a taxi driver.

In Swat district, NWFP, militants set ablaze a police station and a college in two separate incidents. The next day, two bomb attacks target a girls community school and a womens vocational centre, still in Swat. Two civilians are killed and another wounded in fifth incident.

Security operations: In Peshawar, NWFP, police claim to be holding 46 militant suspects after an operation led on 28 June 2008. Drugs, artillery shells and explosives were also retrieved the authorities claim. Meanwhile, in Tank district, NWFP, security forces arrest the leader of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam party on charges of training female suicide bombers. Finally, an operation in Khyber Agency  leads to the arrest of a senior Lashkar-e-Islami militant alongside ten others, after they are discovered to be transporting ammunition to the Tirah valley.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In Khyber Agency, FATA, security forces, mainly Frontier Corps and Levies personnel, continue an operation in Bara. There they destroy two compounds, of former clerics expelled in 2006. Following the attack of its founder's, the Lashkar-e-Islam chief, Mangal Bagh, approaches the FATA administration for talks. But despite having lost 44 men to arrests in the area according to security sources, the leader refuses to enter talks ordering him to first disband his militia.

In Swat district, NWFP, unknown militants gun down a regional official, also killing a second individual, a 15 years old civilian boy in the attack.

Arms procurement: In Swat district, NWFP, security forces arrest three militants after discovering an anti-aircraft gun and some light weapons in their vehicle.

Security operations: In Peshawar, NWFP, police arrest seven Lashkar-e-Islam members after storming a house.

Political developments: Baitullah Mehsud issues the threat of a country-wide suicide bombing campaign against Rehman Malik, the Sindh Chief Minister, army facilities, PPP ministers and security organs of the state.

Peace processes: The TTP refuses to sit down for talks with the NWFP government, implying Baitullah Mehsud ordered it not to.

Military developments: Rehman Malik, the Prime Minister’s adviser and interior minister, announces troops have succeeded in flushing insecurity out of Peshawar after an operation was started the day before.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In the Matta area of Swat district, NWFP, three army soldiers are killed by militants in two ambushing incidents. Two other personnel die as a result of a remote-triggered bomb attack. Five civilians across Swat also die in shootings, including a tribal elder.

In Mingora, Swat district, NWFP, a bomb blast in a market claims no casualties but destroys 25 stalls and shops.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: In Hangu district, NWFP, militants abduct nine official employees of a provincial water management administration.

Peace processes: The TTP’s Baitullah Mehsud suspends talks with the government explaining his fighters will respond to the use of force with martyrdom.

Security operations: In Swat district, NWFP, police personnel defuse three bombs planted in the Matta sub-district.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: In Hangu district, NWFP, pro-Taliban insurgents are suspected in the abduction of a man they accuse of association with local NGOs.

Also in Hangu district, a checkpoint commander is kidnapped along with a guard.

Also in Swat, militants set fire to a girls’ school, in a deed the TTP also claims to have no responsibility in.

Still in Swat, a tribal elder is killed along with his son and mother –in-law by militants. In the same district, but a separate incident, a local leader of the PPP, his wife and two sons are killed by militants. In both instances, the TTP also says it is unrelated to the perpetrators. The next day the district also sees the death of five civilian in similar circumstances, in two separate incidents.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In Malakand division, NWFP, militants kill a police officer and injure another as their vehicle passes by them.

Civil unrest/Human security: In the Mattani area of Peshawar, NWFP, pro-Taliban militants seize three alleged abductors, exhibit them around the streets and extract repentance declarations from them.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In Kyber agency, FATA, militants assassinate a senior member of the Jamiat-i-Islami party.

In Darra Adamkhel market, Kohat district, NWFP, pro-Taliban militants kill a man they allege is was a criminal.

Political developments: The leader of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam party warns that it is only a matter of months before the pro-Taliban militancy in the NWFP unhooks the Province from Pakistan sovereignty. He warns against the consequences of the use of force.

In Jandola, South Waziristan, FATA, at least 22 tribal elders are abducted and killed. Their bodies are recovered two days later by the police.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In the Khyber agency, unidentified militants carry out a rocket attack on a security forces checkpoint.

In Jandola, South Waziristan, FATA, TTP militants lose two men in an attack on pro-government tribesmen, of which four are killed.

In Khyber Agency, FATA, inter-factional clashes between Ansuar-ul-Islam and Lashkar-e-Islam militants claims 12 fatalities.

Civil unrest / Human security: In Orakzai agency, FATA, TTP militants occupy a girls’ school and force the pupils and their teachers out.

In Batagram, NWFP, pro-Taliban militants warn NGO’s that they should stop their activities.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: In the Khyber Pass area of the FATA, militants abduct 17 police personnel after attacks are led on four different checkpoints. An unconfirmed report establishes the men responsible could be from the Mohmand area.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In Malakand agency, NWFP, a bomb detonation in a bazaar targets a CD and video outlet, killing a security agent, and injuring two civilians.

In Mardan, NWFP, militants explode a bomb near a cinema, without making any victims.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: In Peshawar, NWFP, unidentified militants abduct 25 Christian civilians from their homes.

Also in Kurram agency, militants abduct, torture and kill 11 tribesmen. The news of their fate is released four days later.

Economic developments/Infrastructure attacks: Militants threaten to attack truck companies providing logistics and replenishment support to NATO forces across the border.

Peace processes: TTP ancillary group Tehrik-e-Nefaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM) imposes on the NWFP government a one week deadline for the implementation of a peace deal, especially regarding the release of prisoners and compensation.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In the Dera Ismail Khan area, militants detonate a bomb inside a mosque. Four civilians are killed.

Peace processes: In Mohmand agency, FATA, the TTP announces it is suspending talks with the government accusing it of having breached the peace agreement.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances:   In Hangu district, NWFP, militants kidnap a volunteer security personnel.

Peace processes: A NWFP official claims that despite international pressure, the federal government is likely to continue pressing ahead for an agreement to be reached in the FATA, following the NWFP’s example.

Law enforcement: In the Malakand region of the NWFP, an anti-terrorism court releases from detention seven militants. A link with the recent peace deals remains unverified.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In Bajaur Agency, FATA, a tribal woman is tortured and strangled to death by unidentified militants for allegedly cooperating with Western armed forces.

In Upper Dir district, NWFP, militants torch a girls’ school causing thousands of rupees of damage and requiring the students be relocated for sitting imminent examinations.

Political developments: A draft of the 18^th amendment to the Pakistani constitution is made public. It allegedly bears little trace of the PPP’s program for reform of the FATA and the abolition of the Frontier Crimes Regulation.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: In Darra Adamkhel, an official of the International Rescue Committee NGO is abducted by militants.

Law enforcement: In the Dir area of the NWFP, six pro-Taliban militants are released from jail on bail. A total of 11 militants are reported to have been freed since 7 June, as part of the peace agreement with the TNSM.

Still in Peshawar, in the Mattani bypass area, four police personnel are killed as 20 unidentified militants ambush them on a routine patrol. They leave the scene with the officers’ weapons.

Peace processes: An ANP spokesman maintains that the Swat peace deal is still valid, contradicting a claim emanating from the Prime Minister’s entourage the day before.

Meanwhile the TTP spokesman issues his own warning against the government’s pulling out of the deal.

In Kurram Agency, FATA, a 50-member tribal council agrees on a one month case-fire, thus quelling the fighting between local groups.

Civil unrest: In Hangu district, NWFP, Taliban militants threaten local government officials of maiming them should they find them to be guilty of taking bribes. A 30 June deadline is imposed for the moralisation of practices along those criteria.

Military developments: Unidentified reconnaissance and surveillance aircraft are reported flying over North Waziristan.

In the Chitral area, NWFP, four children are killed in a bomb attack allegedly triggered by militants.

Peace processes: In Hangu, NWFP, the TTP distribute leaflets to journalists warning against the dire consequences should the government not honour its part in the peace deals. New fighting fronts would be opened against it as a consequence it adds.

Meanwhile, the next day, the Prime Minister’s Adviser on Interior Affairs states that the Swat peace deal is dead as Taliban militants have continued their attacks.

The text of the 17 February 2008 agreement between the government and the Utmanzai tribe in North Waziristan is leaked to the press. Despite built-in provisions prohibiting disclosures, the document now establishes that al-Qaeda militants were allowed to stay provided they remained peaceful, even if foreign fighters were asked to leave.

Also in the NWFP, in Upper Dir, militants bomb a girls’ school. 400 pupils are prevented from attending while some are held from sitting annual examinations.

Peace processes: In Kabul, Afghanistan, Foreign Minister Qureshi states the government will not enter talks with terrorists.

The government-sponsored 12-member committee investigating the extent of damage and other opportunity costs incurred during the army’s recent deployment into South Waziristan, has started work prior to accepting compensation claims.

In Swat district, NWFP, the government releases another six Taliban prisoners.

Security operations:   In Rawalpindi and Islamabad, police seize over one ton of explosives and other bomb-making materials.

International aid/UN activities: At the FAO Food Security Conference in Rome, Australia pledges $9.25 million to Pakistan in food aid over the next two years. Most of it is intended to reach Balochistan and the FATA.

Civil unrest: In North Waziristan, Taliban militants drive around Mir Ali using megaphones to warn traders of a ten-day deadline imposed on them to close down their music and drugs outlets. The next day, in the Kohat district of the NWFP, music shop owners decide to terminate their businesses as the Bazaar Union warns it would not prevent or mitigate against the consequences of possible action the Taliban could take.

Political developments: The president of the NWFP section of the conservative Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam-Fazl (JUI-F) party endorses a fatwa against terrorism and suicide-bombings, as decreed on 31 May at the Inian Darul Uloom Doband madrassa in India, where some 2000 clerics gathered at a convention.

In South Waziristan, a tripartite commission composed of security and political officials, Taliban and tribal elders.

Also in Bajaur Agency, unidentified militants allegedly abduct, detain and kill one paramilitary personnel. Prior to the latter, he is tortured after being accused of spying for the Pakistani government.

In the town of Kohat, NWFP, a bomb explodes and destroys a video shop.

Peace processes: A NWFP official announces that the majority of Swat militant prisoners have been released, in line with the peace agreement recently reached.

In Darra Adamkhel, the army is reported to have started a phased withdrawn its forces from the area.

In the town of Kohat, NWFP, three people are injured in a bomb attack against a CD shop.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: In Nowshera district, NWFP, threats formulated by Taliban militants against music shops and schools are reported to be on the rise.

Also in Mardan, a bomb explodes outside a girls school.

In Swat district, pro-Taliban militants attack a police control point and injure one personnel.

In Kohat district, NWFP, four bombs are detonated in Billitang. The blasts destroy barbers shops, CD outlets and two groceries stores and damage 13 other including a rural health centre.

In Bannu district, NWFP, a bomb is planted at the door of a cinema. The explosion is triggered during the film, resulting in a panic crowd stampede, and in one person wounded.

Security operations: In Swat district, NWFP, security forces arrest two suspected militants.

Political developments: The US under secretary of Defence and Prime Minister Gillani hold talks in Islamabad. They agree to enhance intelligence sharing and other counter-terrorism policy aspects.

Peace processes: In Dera Ismail Khan District, NWFP, a local tribal leader formerly involved in combating Uzbek militants, is assassinated with his bodyguard for allegedly supporting peace talks with the federal government.

In North Waziristan, militants detonate a charge at a check point in Miranshah.

Peace processes: A close collaborator to Baitullah Mehsud states that talks with the government are slowing under the pressure of the West.

Peace processes: In Mardan district, NWFP, local Taliban sign a cease fire with the government. But a spokesman casts his doubts on the sincerity of the public authorities’ intentions above the local level.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: In Kohat, three policemen are killed and three others injured in an attempt to stop militants stealing a taxi. Elsewhere, two Beitullah Mehsud militants are injured and four arrested  in separate incidents.

Political developments: Baitullah Mehsud announces the suspension of talks with the government over a 15-points plan, is only temporary despite also claiming that any incident Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan  (TTP) would attribute to security forces, would call for revenge on its part. Sources quoted in Dawn and close to a jerga held by TTP establish that in addition to army withdrawal, Mehsud wishes prior to talks, the release of Lal Masjid cleric Maulana Adbul Aziz, as well as the inclusion of some specific negotiators in the process.

Law enforcement: Taliban in Mohmand Agency warn against a failure of peace talks if the military road checkpoints are not lifted. Meanwhile, jerga in Orakzai Agency, with TTP, ulemas and local tribe elders issue an edict warning what it call criminals to leave within a month or face arrest and possibly hanging.   

Civil unrest: The tribal police of North Waziristan, known as the Khasadar Force, continue a strike over pay for the tenth   day. They request payment of past salaries covering the last ten months.

Posters in Urdu appear in Peshawar inviting people to join local Taliban militants. The TTP leadership denies any involvement despite its name appearing in the heading below which ‘a direct ticket to the heavens’ is promoted. Other details fuels doubts over their authenticity, and speculation about the identity and motives of their authors, in a city close to the troubled western FATA agencies.

In Swat district, Taliban torch one CD shop whilst issuing threat notices to owners of others as well as to barbers.  

Security operations: Dera Ismail Khan police arrest a suspected suicide bomber, discovering 15kg of explosives and a jacket.

Border and boundary issues: In Machadad Kot, Afghanistan’s Paktika province, coalition forces fire mortar and artillery shells over the border into Pakistan. During the following 24 hours, UAVs and helicopters attributed to US forces are sighted in Pakistani airspace at the border.

In Darra Adamkhel a cease fire is agreed, rising hopes that the Indus highway and the Kohat tunnel can be securitised. The government had been seeking to reach such an outcome since the end of February 2008, although the army had moved into the area after five ammunition trucks had been seized by the Taliban.

Law enforcement: In Mohmand, the Taliban set up a panel of clerics organised as a complaint settlement institution to provide justice.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: According to NWFP officials, the TTP is reported to spend INR2,5-3 billion a year on its insurgency. The figure includes procurement and welfare. The main sources of revenue are deemed to be the zakat and other donations, as well as funding derived from the transborder narcotics trade with Afghanistan.

Military developments: A US Predator UAV is spotted during an hour over Pakistani territory early in the morning. Its alleged flight path takes it across North Waziristan, including Miranshah, Dhande Darpakhel, Ghulam Khan and Datta Khel.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: Reports establish that the TTP is stepping up its media operations worldwide, with a planned foray into such modern platforms as the You Tube video sharing website.

Law enforcement: Approximately 23,000 Levies and Khasadar forces are to be trained in counter-terrorist operations in a plan, the first phase of which aims the Khyber, Bajaur and Mohmand Agencies prior to full extension to the others. Despite official denial, some reports claim that alongside the Islamabad Police Academy, a significant role is to be played by the International Criminal Investigation of America.

Political developments: In Peshawar, the US congress visiting delegation meets with the NWFP governor.

Political developments: The UK Secretary of State for Defence Rt Hon Des Browne MP meets with General Tariq Majid, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. They discuss the security situation in the tribal areas.

Addressing diplomats in Islamabad, Prime Minister Gillani reiterates, amongst wider considerations his commitment to a three-pronged approach to combating terrorism. Besides reasserting the role of parallel initiatives on the political, socio-economic and security tracks, he mentions that Pakistan will not be used as a haven to threaten other countries, nor will it accept foreign intervention in achieving this goal.

But two days later, at the National Defence University, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff emphasises a four-pronged strategy articulated around force application, political measures, socio-economic development and the modernisation of the civil administration.

Meanwhile, Al-Jazeera airs an interview with the TTP’s Baitullah Mehsud. He refuses to confirm he is not responsible for the assassination of Benazir Bhutto but asserts that the TTP would have had to take action against her anyway, had she lived on and given her own policies against the Taliban. Moving on to the nexus with Afghanistan, he mentions that five percent of the mujahidin operating there are from the TTP, before offering assistance to Bin Laden and Mullah Omar, should they need it.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In Bajaur Agency, unidentified militants explode an IED.

In Orakzai Agency, Ansar-ul-Islam (AuI) and Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI) militants exchange fire, in an incident claiming eight fatalities and wounding 13 militants.

In Dera Ismail Khan, NWFP, a policeman is killed at a checkpoint by unidentified assailants.

Peace processes: In Dara AdamKhel, NWFP, government and militants agree on a local cease-fire. The Indus highway is set for secure reopening.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: A Taliban commander along with 200 of his men return to their villages following the NWFP Swat agreement.

Population displacements: The NWFP governor holds talks with an Interior Ministry advisor, thanking him for the provision of tents and food for IDPs inn South Waziristan. They are returning to their homes he states.

Security operations: Security is enhanced in the cinemas of Peshawar after Lashkar-i-Islam threats.

NWFP Chief Minister Hoti announces a INR4 billion release from the Provincial budget, to fund police modernisation.

Economic developments: President Musharraf meets with influential US Senators Carl Levin and Robert Casey. He emphasises the need for progress on the FATA Development plan, Frontier Corps enhancements and the Reconstruction Opportunity Zones projects.

Kidnappings/Abductions/Disappearances: In the Mohmand Agency of the FATA, unidentified people abduct a WHO official. He is rumoured to have been handed to local Taliban.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: TTP leader Baitullah Mehsud vows to continue fighting US-led NATO forces in Afghanistan, independently of any outcome of peace talks with the Pakistani government.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In Khyber Agency, a man is killed and three other people are injured in a blast targeting a car belonging to Lashkar-i-Islami.

In Peshawar, NWFP, militants set off a bomb by remote control at a nearing regular police patrol, killing two personnel and injuring two others.

The Tehrik-e-Nefaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM), threatens to pull out of the 21 May peace deal if talks between the TTP and the federal government do not make any headway.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In the Tall-Mirali area of the FATA, unidentified militants kill an Afghan national they hold responsible for spying on behalf of the US.

In Kohat district, NWFP, seven rockets are fired early in the morning at an Air Force base mostly hitting the cantonment area. A five year-old girl is injured.

Security operations: In Peshawar and Rawalpindi, a vast operation is lead to track down six suicide bombers supposed to have penetrated the area, according to an Interior Ministry communication. Dozens of people are reported to have been taken into custody, and many released after checks.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: In Bajaur Agency, the 14 May Damadola air strike is reported to have killed a senior al Qaeda member, previously thought to be dead.   Abu Sulayman Jazairi, an Algerian national, who rose through Pakistani ranks, is believed to have been involved in training activities, maybe also the setting-up of operations in Europe.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In Mohmand Agency, troops and local Taliban exchange fire without any reported casualties.

Press freedom/Human rights: In Bajaur Agency, FATA, unidentified militants kill a private television journalist. He was head of the local Tribal Union of Journalists and had reportedly only just interviewed the TTP’s spokesperson.

Security operations: In Bajaur Agency, civil authorities close down business centres and freeze public transport for two hours to allow the safe passage of Bajaur Scouts personnel.

Economic developments: During a meeting held with the Japanese ambassador, the  Federal Environment Minister seeks cooperation in a clean drinking water project and the development of education in the FATA.

In Swat district, two girl’s schools and gas pipeline to Mingora are blown up while policeman is killed. Those developments and other more minor ones, happen prior to the conclusion of talks with Fazlullah.

Peace processes: In Swat district, NWFP, Maulana Fazlullah inks a 16-point peace deal with the ANP-ruling NWFP government. The most salient aspects include the implementation of Sharia lwa in Malakand, review of the cases of Taliban prisoners, a ban on all attacks against government buildings or troops. The conditions under which the army is to move back into its barracks remain unclear. While Major General Athar Abbas claims not to oppose the deal, the Information Minister only speaks of the ‘relocation’ of army troops for Waziristan and rules it out altogether in Swat and the FATA. On 4 June, the Swat government releases the majority of its militant prisoners.

In Bajaur Agency, a TTP splinter group, Jaishul Islam, publicly denounces efforts to broker a peace deal, out of respect for some of its members killed in the Damadola bombing on 14 May.

Armed clashes/Violent incidents: In Swat district, a soldier is killed and another injured when their road checkpoint is attacked by unidentified assailants.

In Bannu district, six troops in a truck and four civilians are injured in a remote-controlled bomb blast prepared with a bicycle, nearby the army division HQ.

In Peshawar, militants fire four rockets, two of which land on military officers’ residences without any injuries.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: At least 12 people are killed, including four security personnel, and some 23 injured in a suicide bomb attack in Mardan, NWFP. Local Talban claim responsibility for the blast and state the incident was called for in retaliation to the government’s military operations in the Darra Adam Khel area. Two days later though, the TTP denies any involvement.

An exchange of prisoners is likely to occur in Jandola, South Waziristan, including 31 militants held in Wana and Dera Ismail Khan, reports establish. In a first phase of the exchange, other reports cite the possible figure of 55 encompassing Swat, Bajaur, Mohmand, Derra Adam Khel and the whole of the agency. But the FATA administration denies having any knowledge of the swap which could also benefit as little as ten of the 80-90 security personnel and officials the TTP claims to hold itself. Maj-Gen Athar Abbas claims the military is not involved yet, despite claims that transport helicopters are being used.

Touching on another sensitive point of talks with the Taliban, army withdrawal, the Army Commander states that his forces have adjusted their presence in the agency, only to allow a quicker return of refugees displaced by fighting in January 2008. But withdrawals are sighted on the hilltops of the Mehsud areas, to be followed by further ones from Spinkai Raghzai reports say.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: In an incident attributed to the US, unidentified planes fire two missiles at a village in Bajaur agency, killing at least 12 militants, including two al-Qaeda facilitators and several foreign combatants. Reports emerge later that some non-combatant civilians are killed in the attack. Prime Minister Gilani and the Defence Minister condemn the attack. Jaishul Islam, a TTP splinter-group lead by Qari Saifullah, announces its dissociation of any peace talks, since its combatants, it claims, were the intended targets in the incident.

Border and boundary issues: Jet fighters, alleged to be attached to NATO, are spotted crossing over the Durand Line into South Waziristan, three kilometres deep into the Angoor Adda area. Bombs are likely to have been dropped.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: In the Khar area, Bajaur Agency, Scouts and Levies personnel are attacked by rocket fire at four checkpoints. A policeman is killed, another injured, along with a girl in the subsequent fighting. Meanwhile, the Kohat railway station is hit by a rocket, causing damage only to the premises.

Political developments: Secretary of Defence Kamran Rasool holds talks with a   CENTCOM commander about the government’s three-pronged strategy towards the FATA-NWFP based on negotiation, economic development and use of force.

Transnational crime: Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan agree to set up joint anti-narcotics centres with UN backing.

Kidnappings/abductions/disappearance: The two sons of a former NWFP minster for Agriculture, Qari Mehmood are reported to have been abducted in the Matta area, Swat district.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: The Army deploys tanks in Darra Adam Khel following earlier clashes with militants, which take refuge in a school that is pounded.

Political developments: Reports establish that the US could press for conflict-resolution measures in the FATA modelled on General David Petraeus’ initiative in Iraq’s Anbar province. Following a visit by US Special Operations Command chief, Admiral Eric Olson, in the Khyber Agency on 12 April, tribal leaders are soon expected to meet State Department officials in Washington.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: In Swat district, three policemen are killed in a car-assisted suicide bomb attack. Further, two girls schools are set on fire in the Mata area.

Security operations: In Bajaur agency, 50 Salarzai tribesmen are arrested in response to the abduction of 20 troops and seizure of two vehicles with weapons the day before by Taliban insurgents. Talks at a jirga secure the release of the men, but not the restitution of the equipment and weapons.

Civil unrest: Taliban in Orakzai, ban education for women and the presence of NGOs in the agency. Similarly, on 13 May, the TTP issues a three day deadline to NGOs in Kohat district, especially targeting activities involving the schooling of girls.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: Militants kill one Frontier corps and injure another in Swat district. In a separate incident, a music shop is bombed in Kohat district. Also, in Mohmand Agency, two heroin outlets are burnt down by Taliban militants after a three day deadline had been imposed on them.

Security operations: Army troops block the Wana-Tank main road to South Waziristan on the Afghan border, in a stand-off with TTP militants who have erected checkpoints in the region and taken positions atop mountains. Hundreds of vehicles are reported to be queuing around the town of Tank.

International aid/UN activities: The US ambassador says her country is spending $750m to contribute to the tribal areas’ development. $300m are also being provided as assistance to the Pakistani military.

Civil unrest: One dozen Taliban militants enter a hospital in Hangu and threaten staff involved in a Polio vaccination campaign.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: Unidentified militants set fire to a girls primary school in Swat district, in the second incident of the kind perpetrated locally in less than two days. A sustained exchange of fire with security forces follows.

Peace processes: A jirga convenes at an undisclosed location in North Waziristan with TTP chief Baitullah Mehsud in unprecedented attendance. His conditions for a peace deal remain unchanged. Meanwhile, the Prime Minister, meeting with NWFP cabinet ministers, restates his support for talks with militants. He adds that a committee is due to be formed to investigate reforms of the Frontier Crimes Regulation.

International aid/UN activities: During the visit of Chief of Australian Defence Forces, the Defence Minister states that the FATA needs economic development, beside to the use of force.

Security operations: Five TTP members are reported by Karachi authorities to have entered the city from Wana, Waziristan, posing a potential suicide attack threat.

Peace processes: The government approaches a jirga in a bid to restart stalled talks with the TTP in Swat and the wider FATA. Meanwhile, a soldier is killed in a clash with the TTP in South Waziristan.

Also in Dera Ismail Khan, NWFP, four Shia civilians are killed outside a courthouse in an attack led by unidentified militants.

For the second time, the Election Commission of Pakistan decides to postpone by-elections from 18 June to 18 August 2008. Internal coalition politics considerations are alleged to have presided altogether over this decision, despite security in the NWFP being advanced as a formal justification. On 7 May, the Commission decides to hold the 38 national and provincial seats election on 26 June.

Border and boundary issues: The head of the Afghan National Directorate of Security confirms that the 27 April attack on Hamid Karzai was led by men linked to Al Qaeda in Miranshah, North Waziristan.

Military developments: Lieutenant General Masood Aslam states that the Pakistani Army will remain in the tribal areas as long as the security situation does not improve.

Civil unrest: Reports establish a TTP crackdown on mobile phone musical alerts, and music in vehicles in the FATA. Men are also ordered to let their beards grow within two months. On 2 May, a cleric of Hasht Nagari Mosque, Peshawar had decreed that females should refrain from using mobile phones, and men should be resorting to their use for Islamic purposes only.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: A Frontier Reserve Police officer is killed in Swat district as security forces conduct thorough vehicle checks at Veeni, Fizza Gut, Braim and Kanju. Meanwhile a CD shop is bombed in Naushera district causing material damage.

Peace processes: Sources report the severance of links between TTP and the NWFP jirga of tribal elders. But the cease-fire remains in place. Meanwhile, Prime Minister Gillani reaffirms the commitment of his government to only talk with leaders having renounced to violence. He does not address upfront a question raised about his response to the TTP’s walk out. In Mohmand Agency, another jirga comes to a compromise to end militancy and restor the rule of law.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: The situation in Swat is reported to be worsening.. A government girls school is torched after retrieval of its Islamic literature and the police are reported to have recovered 3 explosive devices of 50kg from the building. At least nine arrests are made in connexion with the incident.

Kidnappings/abductions/disappearance: In Mohmand Agency, two employees of the Communications and Works department kidnapped on 30 April are released. Also 2 members of   the NGO Save the Childrenare set free after having been held since 23 April.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: In the Sarband area, a man is reported to have been killed by Lashkar-e-Islam militants, as he refused to offer Asr prayers.

Political developments: The National Security Adviser to the Prime Minister holds talks with NATO representatives in Islamabad. No press statement is issued.

Peace processes: A workshop casting a civil society perspective on the current string of peace deals in the tribal areas is organised by Action Aid, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan and the Sustainable Policy Institute. Lack of enforcement mechanisms, disarmament measures and the fact that they provide opportunities for clandestine people to re-emerge at the favour of amnesty, are among the critical arguments levelled at those cease-fire agreements and peace talks.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: A series of bomb blasts in Wazir Dhand area markets injure at least three people. Meanwhile, a bomb destroys a music shop and 16 other outlets in Kabal tehsil, Swat. A 20-kg device is defused by the police in the same area.

Civil unrest: The Deputy Head of TTP threatens to take unqualified action against Aaj-Kal and Express, two Pakistani national newspapers, if they do not abide by his ultimatum to cease publishing pictures of women within two weeks.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: At a Washington meeting, US Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Mike Mullen states the FATA holds ‘safe-havens’ for al Qaeda and Taliban groups operating in nearby Afghanistan. He believes the Pakistan’s weaknesses in counter-insurgency warfare might take 3-5 years to improve, across a large spectrum of doctrine, weaponry, structure and tactics.

A tribal jerga in Mohmand Agency extends its deadline to 3 May in the evening, for the dismantling of checkpoints manned by Khassadars and Frontier Corps in the area. In the same Agency the Taliban accept to take talks one step forward.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: A suicide bomb at a madrassa at the outskirts of Peshawar, Khyber Agency, kills 10-18 people according to conflicting reports, and injures an undetermined number of others. The suicide bomber, speculated to be aged 15 to 18, allegedly was targeting Haji Namdar, chief of the Promotion of Virtue and Suppression of Vice organisation (Amar Bil Maroof Wa Nahi Anil Munkar). Baitullah Mehsoud’s TTP denies any involvement despite the claim to responsibility made the following day, by an associated group, the Hakeemullah organisation.

A woman is injured and an oil tanker parked in Takia Sultankhel, on the Peshawar-Torkhum road is damaged, in bomb attack.

Political developments: The US Department’s Country Report on Terrorism 2007 establishes that 28 militants were freed in November 2007 in exchange for 213 Pakistani troops. Cumulated fatalities on Pakistani government’s side have run over the 1000 mark since 2001. The report also picks up on the increased complexity of attacks, stressing the case of suicide attacks, 45 of which are counted for the year alone, compared to 22 during the 2002-2006 period.

TFormerarmy chief Musharraf “ reportedly signed the 15-item peace roadmap.

Military developments: Military intelligence sources report on a rising bombing method involving planting explosive devices on unaware third party-owned cars.  A combination of widely available civilian GPS and GPRS technologies ensures real-time mapping and triggering. However, only a single instance of use of the method, in March, in Lahore, is mentioned inconclusively to assess the likelihood of its use.

Taliban militants are reported to be moving into Afghanistan as a consequence of cease-fires in Pakistan. The border is guarded by 120,000 troops at 1,000 posts according to a Pakistani army major-general.

The leader of a tribal movement of North Waziristan, Tehrik-e-Ittehad Qabail sides publically with the Taliban, at a press event in Peshawar, on peace-building grounds. He calls for better financial support to Khasadar tribal police, and pledges not to antagonise army forces.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: A man is killed by masked militants who accuse him of drug trafficking. The incident occurs on the newly reopened Indus Highway after the Taliban have just reaffirmed their sway over Darra Adam Kehl, Orakzai Agency, by levying a 1,000 PKR tax on passing trucks.

Meanwhile Tehrik-e-Taleban Pakistan chief, Beitullah Mehsud, issues a pamphlet in Waziristan, Tank, Dera Ismail Khan, banning disruptions against security forces, amid contested reports of the army’s withdrawal from some South Waziristan areas.

Political developments: Reports emerge of an ambitious 15-point political settlement, currently negotiated between government authorities and Mehsud tribes of South Waziristan. The document addresses issues of law and order, justice, prisoners’ exchanges, presence of foreign combatants, the involvement of outside stakeholders. Dispute resolution and confidence building mechanisms are also woven into the framework which has broad support from the national parties as well as the army. Sources report that a similar deal is sought in Mohmand and Bajaur Agencies. Baitullah Mehsud, a prime suspect in the investigation of a slain former prime-minister, Benazir Bhutto, reiterates stern warnings against militants disrupting talks.

Pakistan’s law minister, following the release of Tehrik-i-Shariat-i-Muhammadi chief, Sufi Muhammad, states more agreements with militants are in preparation in the NWFP.

Militant group Tanzem Amr Bil Maroof, of Bara tehsil, Khyber Agency, condemns an incident involving the kidnapping of eight Frontier Corps security forces and further restates a commitment to work with the government.

Political developments: The NWFP government releases Maulana Sufi Muhammad, the leader of Tehrik-i-Nifaz-i-Shariat-i-Mohammadi (TNSM) group, after more than 6 years imprisonment. More widely, both parties secure a six-point power-sharing agreement for Malakand division. Sufi stated on 30 March he has plans for a large public meeting in Swat division aiming at convincing militants to lay down their weapons. A spokesperson for Tehrik-i-Taleban Pakistan (TTP), a Taliban group, welcomes this release and expresses hope the government will proceed likewise for its leaders Maulana Abdul Aziz, the Lal Masjid or Red Mosque cleric and Mullah Obaidullah Akhund, both still in custody.

Kidnappings/abductions/disappearances: Three UN officials are briefly kidnapped near Landi Kotal, Khyber Agency. They are recovered unharmed after an exchange of fire from Khasadar forces leaving one dead and four injured amongst the 12 fugitives. In the following hours, gun battles oppose security forces to the kidnappers as they retreat, causing at least three extra fatalities across both sides.

International aid / UN activities: The UN World Food Program starts coordinating a two-year, multiagency program in the Kurram, Orakzai, Khyber and Mohammad Agencies of the FATA, alongside parts of Baluchistan. It integrates food provision into a larger structure of incentives for development, serving goals of food security, literacy, nutrition, prenatal and primary healthcare.

Political developments: The UK Foreign Secretary David Miliband, visiting Peshawar, stresses the NWFP is a frontline area in the struggle against global terrorism, and thus restates his country’s firm commitment to development plans therein, expanding existing projects. The official holds talks with the Province’s Chief Minister, suicide attack victims’ families and its provincial governor.

Military developments: US drones are reported flying over North and South Waziristan.

Insurgency/Non-state armed groups: Militants from Bajaur Agency invite MPs, elders and clerics to a stronghold in Barkhalozo, Mohmand Agency, for a consensual jerga during which an amnesty between with these former opponents is agreed upon, in the limits of a Shari’a-based society and governance project. A speaker and senior commander, Maulana Faqir Mohammad, offers shelter to Osama Bin Laden and Mullah Omar.

Civil unrest: The head of Lashkar-e-Islam threatens the political administration of Bara, Khyber Agency, prompting some on-the-spot walk-outs of workers. The move is justified by the group’s belief that it will enable it better fight local criminality as defined by its code of social conduct.

Political developments: Ameer Haider Khan Hoti, a new NWFP chief minister, states violence must be a last resort in combating militants on his side of the border.

Border and boundary issues: A Pakistani official says the Taliban-affiliated Pakistani fighters may increase their attacks on the main terrestrial NATO supplies route running between the Khyber Agency and Nangarhar province in Afghanistan. Ahead of a possible spring escalation of conflict, ISAF and coalition governments successfully opened the first of six Border Coordination Centres three days earlier in the area.

The new Federal minister for Kashmir affairs and Northern Areas Qamar Zaman Kaira states the development of the areas in his remit is a major priority for the whole of the government as well as the Northern Areas Legislative Assembly.

Political developments: Government officials in the northwest administrative district of Battamgram ask local NGOs to operate without female employees due to the security situation and militant threats against working women.

Heavy clashes between rival Kochai and Machai tribes in and around Kohat have taken an estimated 12 lives according to media reports. Government efforts to intervene thus far have been ineffectual.

A local tribesman is killed by a roadside bomb in the Bajaur Agency.

Militants attack a checkpoint in Bajaur with rockets. There were no reported casualties. A local Taliban spokesperson denied responsibility for the incident.

Law enforcement: Police say they have arrested a suspected militant travelling from Lakki Marwat in the NWFP and recovered important diaries and computer files detailing contacts for militant leaders and bomb making techniques. The arrested man reportedly admitted to receiving militant training in Afghanistan before crossing into Pakistan.

Security operations: Security forces shut down three illegal radio stations for broadcasting messages of local militant leaders. Twelve people were arrested and a small stock-pile of arms recovered during the operation.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: Police say they have killed one militant and arrested a further five during operations in Swat. However, locals said the stories are baseless.

Political developments: The Dawn newspaper reports 350 schools have been closed since 2008 January by continuing unrest in the region, leaving 35,000 students without access to education. Several school buildings have recently been damaged and threats made against those that women and girls attend.

Kidnappings/abductions/disappearances: Nineteen people taken captive by tribal militants in the Kurram Agency are released following the intervention of political officials and tribal jirga members.

Law enforcement: Security forces say they have arrested 73 people including 11 suspected militants over the past week in Swat.

Human rights: A girl’s school in Darra Adamkhal is blown up by militants having previously received threats to close. Women and girls were also warned to leave education and enter seminaries instead.

Law enforcement: Two government employees are arrested in Mingora for suspected links to militant groups. Teachers were also taken for questioning from a government school in Matta Tehsil.

Political developments: Khalil and Mohmand tribal elders speak out against the Lashkar-i-Islam, saying they will prevent the militant group from using vehicles on roads in their areas and demanding government action. The elders also asked to be allowed to buy heavy weaponry saying the police failed to provide adequate protection.

Kidnappings/abductions/disappearances: A tribesman is found dead along with a note left by militants claiming him to be a US spy. Locals said the Meshud tribesman had been kidnapped three days earlier.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: Heavy clashes continue in Swat leaving at least two security personnel and two militants dead. A military spokesperson said 43 militants had recently been arrested including key aides to Maulana Fazullah. A curfew remains in affect over the region.

Political developments: Pakhtoonkhwa Milli Awami Party leader Mahmood Khan Ackakzai calls for President Musharraf to resign. Ackakzai said the victorious parties in recent parliamentary elections would not allow Musharraf to stall reforms and democratisation.

Two police officers are killed whilst attempting to defuse a bomb in the Charbagh area of Swat. Two other officers were also injured in the blast.

Disarmament/Demobilisation/Reintegration: The interim Minister for the Interior says an estimated 200 militants have surrendered in the Swat region and that the remainder are fleeing.

Freedom of press: The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) says it is saddened by the death of a The Nation reporter in the recent Mingora suicide blast that killed at least 50 people.

Five suspected militants are killed in Mohmand agency during a clash with security forces. The men were shot as they refused to stop at Nakai checkpoint, 20 kilometres northwest of Ghalani, Mohmand’s regional capital.

An alleged US spy is decapitated in North Waziristan. The Afghan national had been kidnapped from Saidgai area on 1 March.

Non-state armed groups: Local Taliban groups deny responsibility for the 29 February Mingora bombing that has now taken at least 50 lives. A three-day mourning period has also been announced by the government to show solidarity with the victims and their families. All government buildings will be shut during the period.

Security operations: Thirty-five paramilitary personnel are discharged after refusing to fight local Taliban near Bannu.

Political developments: A tribal jirga is being sent to meet the leader of Tehrik-e-Taliban, Baitullah Meshud. Elders hope the meeting will curb rising militancy in and around Darra Adamkhel.

Security operations: US officials predict a massive push by the Pakistani military against militants loyal to Baitullah Meshud, the man suspected by Pakistani and US intelligence of orchestrating the assassination of former Prime Minister Bhutto. Meshud is closely linked with al-Qaeda and only this week, NATO officials in Afghanistan warned of his growing influence and assistance to militants operating in Afghanistan.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: Tribal clashes in the Kyber region leave three people dead and two others injured. Lashkar-i-Islam activists opened fire when the occupants of a vehicle they had been chasing resisted the group’s apparent kidnap attempt. The incident resulted in clashes between rival groups for over an hour and gunfire in the streets of Jamrud tehsil. Two of those killed were passers-by, caught in the crossfire.

Three policemen are reported to have been killed in a bomb attack near Lucky Marwat.

Law enforcement: Fifty-three people are released without charge by the Pakistani authorities having been arrested on suspicion of militancy in the Swat area. Arrests and surrenders continue following heightened levels of violence in recent months.

More than 100 militants attack a police post on the outskirts of Peshawar. There were no reported casualties but the building was set-ablaze and security forces made to flee.

One militant and one paramilitary soldier are killed during dawn raids in the Swat area. Three other militants were arrested. Security personnel, acting on a tip-off, surrounded a local house and ordered the occupants to surrender before a fire-fight broke out.

Two security personnel are killed in a late night drive-by shooting at a checkpoint in Peshawar. Three others were also injured.

Security operations: Police seize a bomb laden vehicle and other equipment used for suicide attacks in Mingora, NWFP, during a raid.

International aid: A parliamentarian from the tribal North Waziristan says publicly that the US’s 750 million dollar aid program is too little to win the hearts and minds of tribal people.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: A remotely-controlled bomb targets a wedding procession in Swat, killing at least 14 people and injuring a further 13, including many children. Two vehicles were completely destroyed in the explosion. No group has yet to claim responsibility.

Peace process: A ceasefire agreement in North Wazirirstan, signed between tribal elders and the government is extended. Both sides gathered once again in Miramshah. This is the sixth such extension the agreement that otherwise would have collapsed on 17 February. However, the government has been keen to point out that it has not entered any formal agreement appeasing pro-Taliban militants.

Law enforcement: A further 20 militants are arrested in the swat region following security operations around Kabul.

An election office of Riyaz Hussain Shah is struck by a large explosion in Parachinar, killing at least 47 including six children, and injuring 109 others. Witnesses said a man drove his vehicle into a rallying crowd outside the building before detonating explosives. Shah was however reported to be safe.

Two polling stations in Pakistan’s parliamentary elections are blown up by militants in Bajaur. No casualties were reported.

Two civilians are killed and at least 10 security personnel injured when a suicide bomber attacks a checkpoint in Mingora, Swat.

Law enforcement: The Dawn Newspaper reports the arrest of 1,000 people around Peshawar to pre-empt violence during Pakistan’s parliamentary election period. A police spokesperson said operations would continue up until the start of polling with frequent checks in hotels and at entry points to the city.

Further surrenders are reported in the Swat region according to a military spokesperson who said that as many as 90 militants have been taken into custody.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: Three paramilitary soldiers are killed when their vehicle strikes an improvised explosive in Bajaur Agency.

Political developments: Militant leader Mangal Bagh warns women in the Khyber against voting in upcoming parliamentary elections. Bagh said his forces would prevent women leaving their houses to travel to polling stations and that attempting to vote would lead to ‘dire consequences’.

Tribal elders around Kohat are failing to meet deadlines for handing over militants, claiming to have not received lists of wanted persons.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: A Frontier Constabulary checkpoint in Peshawar is hit by a rocket attack, killing one soldier. Troops then retaliated, forcing the militants to flee.

Law enforcement: Fifteen militants surrender to the authorities and are arrested in Swat District.

Non-state armed groups: The Dawn newspaper reports the emergence of new tribal group in Pakistan’s frontier regions. The group known as Al Hizb distributed pamphlets saying it would eliminate rival groups who had inflicted suffering on the population.

Media reports say local Taliban leaders are offering to release Pakistan’s envoy to Pakistan in exchange for recently captured militant leader Mullah Mansoor Dadullah.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: A militant is killed by government forces near Tank. The military said their troops shot the man as he was about to lob a grenade close to the main Tank-Wana road.

Law enforcement: Fifteen militants surrender to police in the Swat region and hand over their arms according to Geo News. Police say as many as 200 militants have so far surrendered since a local ceasefire agreement recently came into effect.

Armed clashes/ violent incidents: Violent clashes between militants and government forces lead to the arrest of Taliban commander, Mula Mansoor Dadullah. Dadullah was reported injured but out of danger by a military spokesperson.

Political developments: A senior US official speaking on condition on anonymity says Taliban leader Mullah Omar and other al-Qaeda leaders including Osama Bin Laden remain at large inside Pakistan’s tribal belt.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: Six security personnel are killed and 15 (including many civilians) are injured by a blast in North Waziristan. A suicide bomber crashed his explosive laden vehicle into a security checkpoint. The incident is believed to be retaliation for a missile attack carried by a drone aircraft that killed militant leader Abu Laith al-Libi.

Six people are killed including two militants and two security personnel during a gun-battle in Mardan after police carried out raids in the area.

Thirteen bodies of government troops are recovered from a hilltop near Darra Adam Khel, NWFP. The men had been kidnapped by militants during operations.

Law enforcement: Twenty-four militants surrender to troops at Koza Bandia following encirclement and extensive shelling of their positions.

Armed clashes/violent incidents: Sectarian violence continues in the Kurram Agency killing a further 11 people. A curfew remains in place over the region and the main road connecting Tull and Parachinar, closed.

Political developments: Local pro-Taliban militants extend their ceasefire agreement in North Waziristan until 20 January.

Law enforcement: As many as 36 militants are arrested in Swat area of which one is thought to have partaken in the bombing of two checkpoints.